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Figure 12. Negretti and Zambra thermometer, 1874 model. Although the principleof reversing was first described by George Aime' in 1845, this was the firstthermometer to accurately determine the temperature at great depth and return to the surface and retain its readings. As such, it is considered the firstmodern reversing thermometer. It was used on the CHALLENGER expedition. (Image credit: Oceanographic Museum of Monaco | Y. Berard)