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![Exclusion cages were used to determine the effect of grazing on algal and invertebrate populations on the reef reef0134.jpg Exclusion cages were used to determine the effect of grazing on algal and invertebrate populations on the reef](/sites/default/files/styles/max_1300x1300/https/s3.amazonaws.com/s3-east-testmedia-noaa.woc.noaa.gov/dam/Photos/legacy/pl23_reef0134.jpg?itok=IM0I-izk)
Description
Exclusion cages were used to determine the effect of grazing on algal and invertebrate populations on the reef. The carport like extension was used to determine the effect of light reduction on pipe surfaces that were still open to grazing. Pipe surfaces in the cage had distinctlydifferent algal and invertebrate communities than pipes open to grazing. (Image credit: Dr. James P. McVey)